Ductile iron and steel have similar mechanical properties. This type of pipe is a direct development of earlier cast iron pipe, which it has superseded. Ductile iron is similar to gray cast iron in composition, however during casting of ductile iron the graphite nucleates as spherical particles as opposed to flakelike structures. The ductile irons discovery in 1948 gave a new lease on life to the cast iron family. As ductile iron can be bent, it can be made into different shapes and forms. The fatigue strength of ductile iron is frequency sensitive, and test frequencies should not exceed those encountered when the component is in service. Ductile iron iii gating and risering has formed the basis for this present seminarlecture notes book. The amount of inoculant use per weight of nodular iron poured. After melting the charge and supplementing the required alloying elements, the sample for chemical composition. Intercritically austenitized quenched and tempered ductile. Ductile iron pipe guidelines technical publications. Influence of pouring temperature on the microstructure in. High silicon ductile iron ssfs represents a state of art in standardized ductile iron grades, because it uniquely combines uniform hardness, intermediate strength and ductility rivalling that of some steels.
The change in graphite shape from flake to spheroidal significantly increases the strength of cast iron while simultaneously decreases thermal conductivity to about half of the value in flake graphite iron. In ductile irons, graphite is in the form of nodules rather than flakes as in grey iron. In addition to karsays groundwork, a number of other. The distinct, indisputable advantages to using ductile iron pipe instead of steel pipe have long been recognized by engineers, contractors, construction firm owners, and community leaders. Cast irons are based on the fec system, and the solidstate transformations on which cast iron heat treatments are based are similar to those applied to steels. Difference between ductile iron and cast iron difference. High strength solutionstrengthened ferritic ductile cast iron. This manual is intended as a guide for field welding and cutting cementmortarlined and unlined ductile iron pipe. By combining the castability of gray iron and the toughness of steel, ductile iron compelled a wide recognition as an economical choice for high performance complex ferrous parts. Mullins, sorelmetal technical services one of the characteristics of alloying is that it affects the diffusion rate of the carbon, which is the ability of the carbon to move within the matrix. Mechanical properties of high strength ductile cast iron for the brake caliper of truck were investigated. When comparing the two, cast iron corrodes more quickly than ductile iron. The ductile iron used to manufacture the pipe is characterized by the spheroidal or nodular nature of the graphite within the iron.
Microstructure of ductile iron american foundrymens society on. Pdf a r c h i v e s 294 mechanisms and mechanics of porosity. Ductile iron, also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron and sg iron, is a type of graphiterich cast iron discovered in 1943 by keith millis. A reference book on designing and manufacturing with ductile iron. The discovery of ductile iron in 1948 gave a new lease on life to the cast iron family. Pdf tensile properties of thin wall ductile iron researchgate. Graphite formation in the solid state is both in ductile cast irons and in steels strongly promoted by high silicon contents above 3 wt. It is a comprehensive summary of data describing the engineering properties of ductile iron. Ductile nodular iron has and continues to find wide use in the production of many industrial components. After melting the charge and supplementing the required alloying elements, the. In many industrial applications, such as the cylinder head of diesel engine, a combination of high strength and thermal conductivity is essential. Click download or read online button to get ductile iron handbook book now. The three presented microstructural highlights on solidstate transformation of graphite, namely secondary graphite formation in ductile cast irons, graphite formation in high silicon medium carbon steels, and void formation during dissolution of graphite, will. Ductile iron data for design engineers revised edition.
Some of our publications are available on the ductile iron marketing groups website. Sorelmetal features and benefits sorelmetal is treated to remove the sulfur, which allows for efficient and economical magnesium treatments practically manganese free, sorelmetal is used to dilute manganese in base iron in the ductile iron production process because sorelmetal is low in trace elements, it is the ideal choice of a high purity iron unit for the dilution of. Experimental procedure the commercial engjs5007 grade ductile iron was selected for the study. The matrix microstructure in austempered ductile iron can be further refined by secondary graphite if the austenitization, quench, and isothermal transformation into ausferrite are preceded by an austenitization at a slightly higher temperature followed. Ductile iron consists of iron, carbon, silicon, manganese, magnesium. The technological process of alloy production can be carried out with the use of different types of melting furnaces and with the use of different charge materials, e. Search for library items search for lists search for contacts search for a library. Table 2 summary of detrimental element effects in ductile iron castings. The orange sheet in the back of this book gives more information on specifications and properties. However, pure iron is a poor engineering material, generally not as strong as most plastics. For all metals other than grey and malleable cast iron, k can be taken as unity.
But one cannot make out different shapes and forms using cast iron. Dross, mg treatment, main shafts, ductile cast iron. A good quality charge consisting of sorel metal, ferrosilicon, swedish iron, ferrosilicon magnesium, and ferrosilicon lanthanum was used for the production of melts. Pdf classification of ductile cast iron specimens based. Sorelmetal is a high purity pig iron for use in the production of ductile irons. Study of dross in ductile cast iron main shafts diva portal. Hardness of ductile cast iron estimated by artificial neural. Gray and ductile iron foundries in canada profile canada. Upon coolin g and depending upon the rate of cooling, after. Also backed by economic and technical potentials, it is imperative. Mechanical properties of high strength ductile cast iron. Formation of the shrinkage defects in ductile iron castings is far more complicated phenomenon than in other casting alloys. Business metals, metalworking and machinery foundries iron foundries production management iron, nodular nodular iron. The graphite is present as tiny balls or spheroids.
The application of artificial neural network in the prediction of the ascast impact toughness of spheroidal graphite cast iron, kovove materialymetallic materials, vol. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Ductile iron handbook download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Graphite formation and dissolution in ductile irons and.
The title describes both the contents and the objective of this book. Kastwel foundries from its inception, been known for high quality products, competitive prices and innovation is a leading supplier to s. The sorelmetal book of ductile iron is another example that demonstrates the dedication of rio tinto to the ductile iron industry, not only by. This book is being offered to design engineers through the ductile iron marketing group dimg, a nonprofit organization whose goal is the promotion of the generic use of ductile iron castings through market surveys and promotional and educational activities. Effect of silicon content on the resistance of ductile. The issue of solidification of ductile iron castings with different wall thickness was dealt with by several authors 4,17,18. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Sorelmetal is used by high quality ferrous foundries in the production of ductile iron castings and provides metallurgical control over the adverse tramp. Modelling of the density changes of nodular cast iron. Sorel, canada and richards bay minerals richards bay, south africa. Investigation of cast iron processing to produce controlled. Welcome to the ductile iron society looking for a job.
Linkmetal casting careers video associate members and overseas members can now pay their dues online at the following links. However, ductile iron has better vibration damping properties rendering ductile iron mechanical components noticeably quieter. Effect of lanthanum on nodule count and nodularity of ductile iron. Shell moulded ductile iron vertical pouring t k 1 vw seconds k 1 1. The amount of inoculant use per weight of nodular iron. Unfortunately, this statement does not apply to individuals foundries. According to the sorelmetal book of ductile and iron 2004, depending on the sulfur content, the amount of magnesium required to provide the requisite full graphite spheroidisation can vary from 0. Heavysection ductile iron castings asm international. This casting contains 80 tonnes of sorelmetal in order to obtain the excellent properties required in the heaviest sections. Ductile iron is not a single material but part of a group of materials which can be produced with a wide range of properties through control of their microstructure. In fact, these cast irons are characterized both by a high castability and by high toughness values, combining.
Ductile iron is an alloy of iron alloyed with carbon and silicon and manufactured by casting which offers good combination of strength and ductility. Low temperature impact strength of heavy section ductile. Failure analysis of a railway brake disc with the use of. In the presented paper changes the ductile iron density during solidification is analyzed. Jan 08, 2019 i ran across this book, and i am guessing that someall. Ductile niresists and niresist with flaketype graphite exhibit corrosion resistance which is intermediate between those of unalloyed ductile iron and chromiumnickel stainless steels. Ductile iron is also called ductile cast iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, or nodular cast iron. Its strength, toughness and ductility duplicate many grades of steel and far exceed those of standard gray irons.
While most varieties of cast iron are weak in tension and brittle, ductile iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its nodular graphite inclusions. Associate member dues link overseas member dues link dis na members. Table 1 revised in 2004 general recommendations for carbon and silicon contents for ductile iron castings with different wal l thicknesses wall thickness desired matrix as cast minimum maximum predominantly. Ductile iron pipe offers more durability, a higher degree of safety, an extremely efficient installation proc. Mechanical properties of high strength ductile cast iron for. Jerry regula, national product engineer, mcwane ductile. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. The common defining characteristic of this group of materials is the shape of the graphite. Worlds largest ductile iron casting produced to date. The study of the mechanical properties and structure of. Intercritically austenitized quenched and tempered ductile iron.
The spheroidizing treatment was carried out with fesimg alloy using covered ladle method. Detailed property information and specifications included. During the solidification path the influence of the temperature, phase fractions and phase composition is taking into account. Pdf shrinkage defects in ductile iron castings can be of two basic types. The sorelmetal book of ductile iron book, 2004 worldcat. In the production of quality castings, the simulation of filling and solidification of castings is an integral part of production quality 19. Books ductile iron the essentials of gating and risering. Gray and ductile iron castings handbook including data on gray, ductile, white, and high alloy irons, and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. The fatigue strength of ductile iron, like many other cast materials, is also influenced by both the cast section size and the specimen size. Proper sampling of the iron for spectrometric analysis, quality of sample and sampling location, clean ladles including the alloy pocket, quality of the cover material used in the treatment. Carburizer effect on cast iron solidification springerlink.
Sorelmetal pig iron can be used in place of sprue only for the wash heat. Effects of bismuth on the matrix structure of ductile iron castings. This paper analyses the oxidation resistance of ductile irons containing 2. Ductile iron pipe is pipe made of ductile cast iron commonly used for potable water transmission and distribution. Evaluation of ductile iron casting material quality using. These wind turbines require several hsdic 15 to 25 t of ductile iron per mw with castings weighing from 0.
Steel and iron handbook niir project consultancy services. The charge material consisted of 20% sorel pig iron, 40% ductile. A scale was formed on all the samples and their weight increased. The scale thickness and increase in weight were decreased with increase of the silicon content, especially when the silicon content 4 wt. Rit has made every reasonable effort to ensure that. I ran across this book, and i am guessing that someall. Ductile iron is a type of cast iron known for its impact and fatigue resistance, elongation, and wear resistance due to the spherical round graphite structures in the metal. Low temperature impact strength of heavy section ductile iron. The work shows the course of research concerning repairmen of ductile iron with arc welding method. Classification of ductile cast iron specimens based on. Pdf classification of ductile cast iron specimens based on.
The sorelmetal book of ductile iron, rio tinto iron and titanium inc. In actuality some foundries even use a content of about 0. A wash heat of ductile iron can be used to make a supply of sprue for a highdensity charge material that is easy to melt clean and dissolve the steel scrap. The influence of selected elements upon mechanical properties of. Meanwhile the nodularity and nodule count decreased respectively from 92 and 95 to 80%. Ductile iron with a matrix of ferrite plus martensite was produced using a ductile iron alloyed with. Because the spheroids interrupt the matrix much less than graphite flakes, nodular cast iron has higher strength and toughness than gray cast iron. Sorelmetal is an ironcarbon alloy containing very low concentrations of manganese, phosphorus, sulphur and other undesirable elements produced at the metallurgical complexes of qit fer et titane inc. Nov 25, 2015 ductile iron with a matrix of ferrite plus martensite was produced using a ductile iron alloyed with. I have not seen anyone actually make ductile iron in a hobby setting, but maybe the same rules apply check me on that. Annealed cast ductile iron can be bent, twisted or deformed without fracturing. Rit makes no claim to have discovered the ultimate formulae, but suggests that these notes provide a sensible and logical approach to a problem which daily confronts foundrymen namely, the economic production of clean, sound ductile iron castings. Beginning with a brief introduction to the ferrous alloys and metals, types and production of cast iron, production of compacted graphite irons, ductile iron, malleable cast iron and current status of steel making.
On this page you can read or download iron mountain safe manual in pdf format. Ductile iron pipe manufacturers have been successfully welding ductile iron pipe for many years and should be consulted on their recommendations for field welding and torch cutting their product. Fracture characteristics of fatigue failure of a vehicles. See full local business information including address and phone. The difference in properties shouldnt therefore influence the choice of one material over the other. Steel has better shock resistance than ductile iron. For instance, the global installed wind turbines capacity has increased from about 10,000 to 127,000 mw. Ductile iron what ductile iron is ductile iron is a family of cast graphitic irons which possess high strength, ductility and resistance to shock. Hardness of ductile cast iron estimated by artificial neural networks. The metal was melted in three ton induction furnace. Engineering and manufacturing artificial neural networks usage cast iron mechanical properties testing cast iron measurement hardness materials equipment and supplies methods materials testing neural networks.
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